Trump Tariffs U-Turn: Just a week after launching a global tariff offensive, US President Donald Trump has done a dramatic U-turn. On April 2, Trump slapped increased tariffs on around 100 countries, prompting international concern and fears of a recession. But by April 9, sensing the growing pushback from business leaders, political allies, and economic experts, Trump paused the tariffs for 75 nations — giving them a 90-day window to negotiate. However, in a sharp contrast, China faced the full brunt of his trade policy with a steep 145% tariff hike announced on April 11.
The surprising twist reveals a deeper strategic move by Trump, who is trying to maintain his hardliner image while averting economic fallout. This digital explainer dives into what led to the sudden shift, its potential impact on India, and what the next 90 days could mean for the global economy.
Table of Contents
The U-Turn: Trump’s 90-Day Tariff Reprieve for 75 Nations
In an unexpected move on April 9, President Trump rolled back the steep reciprocal tariffs for over 75 countries, including India, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Pakistan. The move came after several of these nations began engaging in diplomatic talks with the US Trade Representative and Treasury Department.
Announcing his decision on Truth Social, Trump explained that nations cooperating with the US and refraining from retaliatory action would be rewarded. Instead of the originally proposed 25-50% tariff, these nations will now face only a 10% baseline tariff for the next 90 days.
Officials from the US Treasury emphasized that the pause was always part of a broader strategy to test global responses. According to them, this temporary relief serves as an incentive for nations to negotiate trade terms with the US, rather than retaliate with their own tariff hikes.
Why the Retreat Happened Within Just 7 Days
Trump’s move to backtrack within a week was fueled by a mix of political, economic, and corporate pressure. Here’s what drove the decision:
1. Economic Freefall
The moment tariffs were announced, financial markets across the world went into a nosedive. The US Dow Jones fell 1,200 points, erasing trillions in global wealth. Bond prices crashed, interest rates shot up, and oil prices plummeted. By April 8, the Nasdaq had dropped by 5% — signaling rising investor panic.
2. Corporate Pushback
American businesses, from retail giants like Walmart to tech leaders like Tesla, raised red flags. They warned that the increased costs would be passed onto consumers, driving inflation. Walmart’s leadership projected that product prices could rise by up to 20%, hurting household budgets and slowing spending.
3. Political Pressure at Home
Even within Trump’s own Republican Party, voices began to dissent. Lawmakers feared the tariffs would alienate voters, especially small business owners and the middle class. Behind closed doors, allies urged Trump to find a diplomatic solution before economic unrest snowballed.
4. Global Reactions
While some nations protested and sought discussions, others remained silent or cautiously responded. Vietnam and Bangladesh asked for more time to adjust, while the European Union approved retaliatory tariffs. Canada, too, expressed concern. This fragmented global reaction possibly influenced Trump’s recalibration.
Why China Was Treated Differently
While 75 nations were given tariff relief, China faced a severe escalation. On April 11, Trump imposed a 145% tariff on Chinese imports — the highest yet. He accused China of manipulating global markets and violating fair trade rules.
On Truth Social, Trump justified the hike by claiming that China had “insulted” global trade norms. The White House echoed this sentiment, stating that while the rest of the world was engaging constructively, China remained confrontational.
This move marks a significant escalation in the US-China trade war, with both countries imposing new tariffs in retaliation. China responded with a 125% tariff on American goods, signaling a prolonged standoff.
What This Means for India
India, being one of the 75 countries that received a temporary reprieve, finds itself in a cautiously optimistic position. Here’s how Trump’s tariff reversal could impact India:
Positive Impacts:
- Export Relief: Indian exporters, especially in textiles, pharmaceuticals, and electronics, may get breathing room due to the 90-day window.
- IT & Agriculture Opportunity: As America distances itself from China, India could benefit in sectors like information technology, agribusiness, and renewable energy where US demand might shift.
- Investor Sentiment: Stability in US-India trade relations can help boost investor confidence, especially in tech and pharma sectors.
Potential Risks:
- Price Volatility: If the trade war with China intensifies, the cost of raw materials — especially APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) and electronic components — could rise.
- Uncertainty After 90 Days: There is no clarity on whether tariffs will return. If they do, India might be impacted depending on negotiation outcomes.
- Indirect Trade Spillovers: Any slowdown in global trade due to US-China tension could impact India’s export-driven sectors.
India’s Commerce Ministry has urged exporters to stay calm and continue engaging diplomatically. According to government sources, India is working on achieving a balanced trade agreement with the US to safeguard long-term interests.
The Global Market Reaction
Markets around the globe responded positively to Trump’s reversal. On April 9, the US stock markets saw their biggest rally in years:
- Dow Jones surged by 1,800 points, marking its largest one-day gain since 2020.
- Nasdaq jumped 7.5%, its best performance since 2001.
- Nearly 30 billion shares changed hands, making it Wall Street’s busiest day ever.
In Asia, markets followed suit:
- Japan’s Nikkei closed up 9.13%
- Korea’s Kospi rose 6.60%
- Taiwan’s TAIEX gained 9.25%
- China’s Shanghai Composite Index also ended in green
Indian markets were closed due to Mahavir Jayanti but are expected to open on a positive note based on global cues.
What Happens After 90 Days?
The 90-day grace period offers a crucial window for diplomatic negotiations. Trump’s decision to temporarily relax tariffs is seen by many as a tactical pause rather than a permanent solution.
While talks are expected between the US and several countries including India, the future remains uncertain. Trump’s economic decisions often reflect his political instincts rather than long-term policy frameworks. As a result, there’s a lingering unpredictability around what may happen once the 90-day period ends.
Countries like India need to use this time to strengthen their positions through trade agreements, diversify imports, and boost domestic production capabilities in vulnerable sectors.
The Broader Trade War: A New Global Reality?
While Trump insists that his actions are part of a larger plan to restore fairness in global trade, critics warn of a brewing trade war that could spiral beyond control. China’s fierce retaliation and WTO involvement signal an escalating dispute that might drag more countries into a complex geopolitical-economic web.
India, among others, will need to navigate this shifting landscape with diplomacy, agility, and strategic foresight — ensuring it benefits where possible and shields its economy where necessary.
ByNews-Views: A 90-Day Pause in a Long Trade War
Trump’s sudden rollback on tariffs — just 7 days after announcing them — reveals the delicate balance between aggressive economic nationalism and global economic realities. While the decision has brought temporary relief to India and other countries, the larger trade tensions, especially with China, remain a ticking time bomb.
As the world watches the next 90 days unfold, much will depend on how the US negotiates with its partners — and how nations like India position themselves in this new age of tariff diplomacy.
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